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定語從句歸納及用法新版多篇

定語從句歸納及用法新版多篇

定語從句歸納及用法新版多篇

英語定語從句語法解析 篇一

1、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句

定語從句就其與先行詞的關係而言,可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號,表示對先行詞起修飾限制作用;而非限定性定語從句和先行詞之間有逗號分開,是對先行詞進行補充説明,相當於並列句。

如:He is the man who has a strong personality. 他是個個性很強的人。(限定性定語從句)

My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在國外工作,他下週將回來。(非限定性定語從句)

注:

1) 非限定性定語從句不能用that來引導,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引導時,既可以修飾主句的部分內容,也可修飾主句的全部內容。如:

He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整個主句,在從句中作主語)

2) as引導的非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之後,但which或who引導的非限定性定語從句不能放在主句之前。如:As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people‘s life greatly.

3) 在限定性定語從句中,關係代詞作賓語時可以省略;但在 非限定性定語從句中,關係代詞作賓語時不能省略。如:

The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)

She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)

2、只用關係代詞that,不用 which,who或whom的幾種情況

1)當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等時。如:All that you want are here.

2) 當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修飾時。如:There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.

3)當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.

4)當出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞,並同時兼指人和物時。如: We are talking about the people and countries that we have

visited.

5) 當主句是以which 或 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。如: Who is the person that is standing over there?

6) 當定語從句為there be 句型時,關係代詞只用that,

但經常可以省略。如: I know the difference (that) there is between you.

7)當關系代詞在從句中作表語時,常用that。如:He does not seem to be the man that he was

他似乎和過去不一樣了。

3、as 與其他詞連用引導的定語從句

as 引導定語從句時,可指人也可指物,通常與the same,such,so等連用,形式為:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。如:

She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感覺與她自己的一樣。(as代替事,作賓語)

I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借給你使你感興趣的書。(as代替物,作主語)

注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物“相似”,指同類事物;that引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的`事物是“同一個”,指同一事物。如:

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這和我昨天丟的筆一樣。(類似的筆)

This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這支筆就是我昨天丟的那支。(同一支筆)

4、“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句

在“介詞+which/whom”結構中,介詞的選擇取決於3種情況:

1)定語從句中謂語動詞或表語的搭配。如: This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking.

2)先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配。如: The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.

儀表上顯示出這台機器運轉的速度。

3)當定語從句為最高級時只能用of which; 否則用其他介詞。如: I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.

注:不可拆分的動詞短語介詞不能提前,如put up with;有的短語可能有不同的介詞搭配,此時需要根據上下文來確定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。

有時為表意清楚,還可以在關係副詞where/ when前加介詞from, to等。如:

China is the birthplace of kites, from

where kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

中國是風箏的故鄉,從這裏,放風箏的運動傳到了日本、韓國、泰國和印度。

注 定語從句和同位語從句的區別

定語從句在複合句中的功能相當於形容詞,它對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。而同位語從句則屬於名詞性從句,對與它有同位關係得名詞作進一步解釋,使其內容具體化。例如:

She felt very sad because of the news that her husband was killed in an aircraft crash. (同位語從句)

The fact that she told me made me very angry. (定語從句)

先行詞和關係詞二合 篇二

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

定語從句歸納及用法 篇三

I 關係代詞引導的定語從句

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分,英語定語從句知識和用法概述。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

2) whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

II. 關係副詞引導的定語從句

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

1)關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於“介詞+ which”結構,因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關係副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

III.判斷關係代詞與關係副詞

方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯:

(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。

方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1變為肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2變為肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D,英語語法《英語定語從句知識和用法概述》。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。

關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。

IV. 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加説明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如:

This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)

2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了,他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的'的那幢房子帶着個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小説很動人,我已經讀了三遍。

3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發。

説明:關係代詞that和關係副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。

V. 介詞+關係詞

1)介詞後面的關係詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3)某些在從句中充當時間,地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關係詞”結構可以同關係副詞when 和where 互換。例如:

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

VI. as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知,吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來,這對我們人類很重要。

典型例題

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使後

句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。which可代替句子,用於非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.。

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關係代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:

(1)as 引導的定語從句可置於句首,而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關係代詞只能用which.。在本題中,prevent由於是行為動詞,所以正確選項應為B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。例如:

I have got into the same trouble as he (has)。 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2. as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知,吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是關係代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。

VII. 先行詞和關係詞二合一

1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 篇四

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything

What you want has been sent here.

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who

(錯)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(錯)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(對)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

(對)Who robbed the bank is not clear.

3) that 和 what

當that引導定語從句時 ,通常用作關係代詞,而引導名詞性從句時,是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從 句, 用作連接代詞,作從句的具體成分,且不能省略。

I think (that) you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.

關係副詞引[]導的定語從句 篇五

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

1)when, where, why

關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於“介詞+ which”結構,因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用,例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關係副詞

that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

英語定語從句語法解析 篇六

1)介詞後面的關係詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3)某些在從句中充當時間,地點或原因狀語的介詞+關係詞結構可以同關係副詞when 和where 互換。例如:

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我們所知,吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來,這對我們人類很重要。

典型例題

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使後句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

限制性和非限制性定語從句 篇七

1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加説明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,例如:

This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)

2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶着個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小説很動人,我已經讀了三遍。

3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數,例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發。

説明:關係代詞that和關係副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。

關係代詞引導的定語從句 篇八

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3)which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

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