如何寫好句子

如何寫好句子？

能否寫出好的句子直接影響到一篇文章的質量。因此，我們要學習英語寫作，首先要注意寫出好的句子。那麼，如何才能寫出正確的句子呢？具體來説，應注意如下幾個方面：

一．把握句子的基本結構，熟悉句子的主要成分和次要成分，寫出寫對基本的句子。句子的主語、謂語、賓語和表語是句子的基本成分。而定語、狀語、補語則相對而言處於次要的地位，是句子的次要成分。句子的基本結構有如下五類：

1.主語+不及物動詞。不及物動詞就是後面不能帶賓語的動詞。儘管不及物動詞的後面 不接賓語，但很多時候，這個不及物動詞有副詞修飾或別的狀語修飾。有動詞如果不加狀語修飾，句子的意思就可能不完整或不那麼豐富。如：

1). Li didn’t appear. → Mr. Li didn’t appear until the meeting was over.

2) married. → She married late.

[小練]

1．根據所給漢語翻譯下面各句。

1）他爺爺在去年去世了。

______________________________________________________

2）她每天早上6點半起牀。

______________________________________________________

3）李明今天下午不會來了。

______________________________________________________

Keys: 1) His grandpa died last year.

2) She gets up at half past six every morning.

3) Li Ming won’t come this afternoon.

2. 給下面句子加上適當的狀語使句子的內容更加完整、豐富。

1) The manager didn’t turn up______________________________.

2) The meeting ended ____________________________________.

3) The sun rises _________________ and sits _________________.

Keys: 1) until nine o’clock2) very late this afternoon3) in the east/ in the west

2.主語+系動詞+表語。系動詞後面的成分就是表語。在這類結構中，可用作表語的有分 詞、形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等。而常見的系動詞有be及其它半系動詞look、smell、taste、sound、taste、feel、seem、appear、grow、stay、keep、remain、change、turn等。如：1) was too tired.

2) father is in his office.

[小練]根據所給漢語翻譯下面各句

1) 她看起來像她的媽媽。

_______________________________________________

2) 她顯得非常激動。

________________________________________________

3) 這湯嚐起來很美味。

________________________________________________

4) 她還像以前那樣美麗。

_________________________________________________

5) 明天天氣將變冷。

_________________________________________________

Keys: 1) She looks like her mother.

2) She appears/looks/seems very excited.

3) The soup tastes delicious.

4) She remains as beautiful as before.

5) The weather will turn cold tomorrow.

3.主語+及物動詞+賓語。有些動詞的後面必須接賓語，其結構才完整，這樣的動詞就叫 及物動詞。可以用作賓語的通常有名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式及賓語從句等。如：

1).I saw a film yesterday.

2).I didn’t meet him at the meeting.

3) I can’t stand your speaking to your mother like that.

4) They tried to help the poor people.

5) I don’t think that he will arrive on time.

[小練]根據所給漢語翻譯下面各句

1) 警察最後將兩個小偷抓住了。

________________________________________________________

2) 經理過一會要見你。

________________________________________________________

3) 我不喜歡在這裏吸煙。

________________________________________________________

4) 他們決定在這裏辦一家新的醫院。

________________________________________________________

5) 我從來就沒有想到他會在這麼短的時間內完成這項工作。

________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) The police finally caught the two thieves.

2) The manager will see you in a while.

3) I hate smoking here.

4) They decided to set up a new hospital here.

5) I never thought that he could finish his work in such a short time.

4.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。有些及物動詞後面必須帶兩個賓語：一個直接 賓語、一個間接賓語。這類結構中的間接賓語和直接賓語又統稱為雙賓語。常接雙賓語的動詞有：give、pass、send、teach、buy、bring、show等。直接賓語和間接賓語的位置通常可以互相交換。當直接賓語（指物的賓語）位於間接賓語（指人的賓語）前面時，間接賓語的前面通常有一個介詞for或to。如：

1)er bought me a watch. →Mother bought a watch for me.

2) showed us her new dress. →She showed her new dress to us.

[小練] 請用括號中所給動詞並根據所給漢語翻譯下面各句

1) 請把那本書遞給我好嗎？（pass）

_______________________________________________________

2) 請將這封信交給李明。（give）

_______________________________________________________

3) 老師今天教了我們一首新歌。(teach)

________________________________________________________

4) 我爸爸昨天給我買了一個新手機。（buy）

________________________________________________________

5) 你能給我看一看你的新衣服嗎？(show)

________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) Would you please pass me the book/ pass the book to me?

2) Please give this letter to Li Ming.

3) Our teacher taught us a ne song today.

4) My father bought me a new mobile/a new mobile for me yesterday.

5) Could you show me your clothes/your new clothes to me ?

5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補。賓語補足語（簡稱賓補）是補充説明賓語怎麼樣或幹什 麼的成分。可以用作賓補的詞語有：名詞、形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語等。如：

1).I heard him singing in her room.

2) must keep our rivers clean.

[小練] 根據所給漢語翻譯下面各句

1) 我聽到房間裏有小孩子在哭。

___________________________________________________________

2) 多做運動能夠使我們保持健康。

____________________________________________________________

3) 我剛才看見她進了教室。

____________________________________________________________

4) 我們發現他的車困在雪地了。

_____________________________________________________________

5) 在會上我們選李先生做經理。

_____________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) I heard a child crying in the room.

2) Taking more exercise can keep us healthy.

3) I just saw her enter the classroom.

4) We found his car stuck in the snow.

5) At the meeting we elected Mr. Li our manager.

二．把握並用好並列句

並列句就是由並列連詞所連接起來的兩個簡單句。常用的並列連詞有：and、or、but、so、while、when等。and用作並列連詞，連接兩個並列句時，可表示並列關係、遞進關係、因果關係、對比關係、轉折關係等。or可以表示並列關係，也可表示因果關係。but表示轉折關係。so可表示因果關係。while可表示比較或對比。when則表示時間，相當於and at that time(就在那時)。如：

1). Work hard, and you will succeed. ---and表示因果關係

2). Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. ----or表示因果關係

3). He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. -----but表示轉折關係

4). Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all gets on well with him. ----so表示因果關係

5). She thought we were talking about her daughter while we were talking about my own.---while表示比較、對比

6). I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. ----when表示時間，相當於and at that time

[小練]

1. 在下面句子的空格處填上適當的並列連詞

1) Get down to your work now, ______ you won’t complete your work in time.

2) Come over here, ______ I’ll tell you a good piece of news.

3) She’s young, ______she knows much more than many of us.

4) I was about to leave the house ______ it suddenly began to rain heavily.

5) Many people don’t have enough to eat ______ they throw a lot of food into the sea.

6) He was very tired, ______ he went to bed very early yesterday.

Keys: 1) or2) and3) but4) when5) while6) so

三．把握並使用好複合句

複合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子。這種結構中，必定有一個主謂結構是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結構則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。常見的從句有：定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句。使用複合句時，應注意如下幾點：1）從句部分一般都有引導詞引導這個從句，因此，要用好複合句，首先要正確地使用引導從句的關聯詞語；2）無論是主句部分還是從句部分的結構必須是前面提到的簡單句的五個類型當中的一個（除省略句外），也就是説，無論是主句還是從句，其句子成分必須是完整的，結構準備確；3）名詞性從句的語序還要用陳述句的語序。如：

1). As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. ----As 引導一個定語從句

2). What he says doesn’t suit what he does. ---本句包含兩個名詞性從句：What he says是一個主語從句；what he does是一個賓語從句

3). Where there is a will, there is a way. ----Where引導一個表示地點的狀語從句

[小練]

I．在下面句子的空格處填上適當的引導詞。

1. With the rapid development, the idea has already come true ________we can play video games and receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard.

2. Word came ______ the Shengzhou VII will be sent off in a few days.

3. I’ve learned ______, no matter what happens and how bad it seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.

4. —What worries the public worry most?

—_______ prices keep going up, I suppose.

5. The reason he has been such a success in his career is _____ he never gives up in his work.

6. ______this text can be used for listening this term has not been decided yet.

7. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

8. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make______it is.

9. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe in yourself.

10. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _____ the best jobs are.

11. The volunteers have paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community, most of _______

are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.

12. To get the program started, all ______ I need is your permission and support.

13. _____ has been said above, English grammar is only a set of dead rules.

14. Can you tell me something about the man ______ house you have rented for years?

15. Finally the little boy told us everything ______he had seen and heard in the street.

16. Don’t worry. I’ll inform you ______ your daughter comes back to school.

17. — Why hasn’t Mr. Li come to work today?

— ______ he has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.

18. I think you bag is still _______ you left it. I’m sure you will find it there.

19. Nothing is so difficult in this world _______ you put your mind into it.

20. I won’t have a trip to Mount Huang _______ my best friend Amy is invited, too.

Keys: 1. that2. that3. that4. That5. that6. Whether7. What8. what

9. what10. where11. whom12. that13. As14. whose15. that

16. when/ if17. Because18. where19. if20. unless

II．請根據括號中所給漢語將句子補充完整

1. It worries both the parents very much ___________________(他們的兒子患有嚴重的心臟病)

2. There is no doubt __________________________________(中國將變得越來越強大)

3. During the summer holidays, we paid a visit to _________________(曾經是我們學校的地方)

4. Our city is no longer __________________(十年前的樣子), when it was quite dirty and noisy.

5. The result of the experiment turned out very good, ____________(這是我們沒有預料到的).

6. Have you seen the play _____________________(它的主角是Lily的姐姐扮演的)

7. _______________(眾所周知), our boss had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.

8. The foreign settlers began killing the native citizens __________________(他們一上這個島)

9. It was five o’clock _________________(他們登上山頂的時候)

10. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture___________________(在塔所處的地方) Keys:

1. that their only son suffers from serious heart trouble.

2. that China will become more and more powerful in the future.

3. what was once our primary school

4. what it was ten years ago

5. which we hadn't expected.

6. whose leading role is played by Lily’s sister

7. As was known to all

8. the moment/ As soon as they set foot on the island.

9. when they climbed up to the top of the mountain.

10. where stands the famous tower.

任何句子都是在上述的這些句子的基礎上變化而來的。所以，我們在把握這些基本的 結構之後，要寫出完整而且符合規則的句子就不難了。此外我們還要注意使用正確的時態和語態。由於英語習慣上的不同，英語中常常以動詞來體現動作發生的時間；表示被動意義時，也要用動詞來體現。動詞時態和語態的使用是否得當直接影響句子的含義。因此，同學們在寫作時，應特別注意正確地使用動詞的時態和語態。只有這樣，我們才能寫出符合英語表達習慣的句子。