雅思小作文寫作技巧與應注意事項
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雅思小作文寫作技巧與應注意事項
1。試卷發下後,請花半分鐘的時間來瀏覽作文的題目,這裏包括議論文在內。
2。此後,請看第一部分的題目,明確以下幾點
1)屬於什麼題型的圖表,是一個曲線圖,一個餅圖,一表格,一個流程圖還是一個物體以及其他類型的圖表
2)是一幅圖還是兩幅或者是以上的圖
3)時間、字數以及其他的要求
3。用5分鐘的時間分析並形成以下的內容
1)注意不同類型圖表的技巧(包括時態、語態、關鍵描述詞語與句型)
2)劃出並分析題目中的關鍵內容,分析圖表中的關鍵特徵點(依據各種圖表的特點來決定)
3)考慮結構(開頭引言,描述特徵,可能總結)注意以下
開頭不能與文章已經給出的東西一樣,用自己語言表達;
描述關鍵以及有代表性的點或者是趨勢;
在語法與句法正確的基礎上,力求用不同的句型組合(如簡單句,複合句,定語/表語/賓語/非謂語從句),用近意詞語;正確表達文章所給信息;
在可能的情況下做簡單的總結;
不要發表有個人或者是評論性的句子;
標點符號,單詞的拼寫應該正確;
4。書寫的時候注意流利與工整,採用現代式的書寫格式
5。留出一定時間檢查,保持卷面的整潔
技巧性套句(僅供參考)
開頭句型(用簡單的句子給出儘可能多的信息WHEN,WHAT,WHERE,有特色。)
一般有兩種,一種是主動一種是被動。
1)The chart/graph/table/diagram/process (show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,describe,indicate)
2)According to/As can be seen from/As shown in/It is clear/apparent from/It can be seen from
結尾句型(如果沒有可以充分説的,可以不用結尾。結尾不要節外生枝。最好不要出現很明顯有結尾特徵的詞語“in conclusion”)
中間關鍵句型————☆要注意認真審查題目,弄清楚要描述的數據究竟代表什麼,單位是什麼,用什麼方式表達。OBJECT (描述物體)
注意點:要明確以一定的順序來寫。從左到右或者是從上到下,從內到外(根據物體自己的特點)等等。把題目中給出的部件詳細描述。(如202的自行車)
句型:介紹功能The illustration is of a _______ which is designed to (do something)
説明構成部分A ______ is made up of /consists of/comprises How many ?A number of parts/sections
描述各個部件功能不要用you ,one可以用we, the operator (單數個體) First , (the cyclist) puts his or her _____on the ____
要有一定的順序,不要將每個部分單獨寫出,應該將能夠合併的一起結合,注意用以下句型(被動態,定語從句,非謂語動詞)
要用關聯詞
PIE CHART (餅圖)
注意點:1)文字中要表達出總量與分量的關係,在兩個以上的PIE中,要注意各個PIE間的比較
2)數據究竟代表什麼應清楚
語言點:1)percentage / proportion
2) (v.) make up/ constitute / account for
3)① the biggest difference between 2 group(A+B) is in…,where A makes up 5% while B constitutes 67%the highest percentage of A, which was approximately 12%
② the percentage of A in… more than twice that of B,the ratio is 67% to 45%(0 compared to 0)
③ in…,while a greater percentage of A than B are found in……. (the former is 0 and the latter is 0)
④ there are more A in……,reaching 0,compared with 0 of B
⑤ A , which used to be the……..,has become less important, which declined(increased) sharply from 0 in 1978 to only 0 in 1998.
⑥ The biggest loss was to某區域.
The biggest gains in A were made by某區域 CHART (曲線圖)
注意點:1)抓住“變化”和“趨勢”
2)有兩種情況其一是在不同時間段內的數據比較,另外是單獨數據的全程描述。前者適合於數據代表的物體較少且時間界限明確的情況下,後者適合於描述數據對象很多且時間劃定不清晰。當然依據考試中的題目來決定。語言點:1)變化狀態幅度詞(要依據描述的情況決定)
輕微-----slightly, slowly(速度), steadily(平緩)逐漸----gradually
顯著-----significantly , markedly急劇-----rapidly , dramatically , abruptly ,sharply突然---suddenly趨勢---trend inclination tendacy2)變量幅度詞語
★增加-----increase, jump ,go up ,rise, climb , ascend , level up ,surge,
★減少----decrease, drop ,go down ,fall,---- , descend, level down ,
★水平----keep/stay/remain/maintain stable ,----steady ,be similar to ,there is little/hardly any/no change★最高-----reach a highest point/the top/the summit/the peak/the most/peak in,at★最低-----reach a lowest point/the bottom//rock/hit a trough /bottom out★交叉-----correspond with in ----year; --- crossing the line for -----3)時間幅度詞語
During the period 1970—1999 ; From 1970 to 1999 ; Since the early 1970s ;In 1970------then in 1980-----ten years later4)基本句型
There was變化趨勢in the number of A from 1986-1990(over next…) ,which was followed by變化趨勢and then變化趨勢until 1998 when there was變化趨勢for the next…s
From 1990 onwards, there was變化趨勢in the number of A which then變化趨勢at 0 in 1990,the number reached (was) 0,but 30 years later there was變化趨勢r變化趨勢from…to…,A begin變化趨勢over the next…s.
The number of…increased rapidly from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period
〓 There was a rapid increase from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period
A has almost/nearly/about/over a quarter/half/twice/one third /as many students as/as much money as /B; A has about/approximately/exactly/precisely the same number/proportion/amount of students/money as… has reached something of a plateau,X percent/an average of X percent in the past few years in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through percentage sightly larger/smaller than that graphs show a threefold increase in the number eased year by year eased is an upward trend in the number of
..(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in.....
a has something in common with b/ the difference between a and b lies in..柱狀圖(Bar chart)
注意點:1)柱圖主要是陳列的數據比較多,不能將所有的信息寫出,只能抓住重點與關鍵點來寫(這些點可以是最大、小值;最高、低值;差距最大最小點等等)都需要結合題目來分析,對於一些點的特徵具有相似性應該採用統一合併的方法,不能每有項都列出。
2)應該根據一定的順序來寫,否則會因邏輯不合理而失分語言點:1)一般是以比較極與最高級的句子形式出現如
Low income consumed more hamburghers than other group(=more than other /group/ on hamburghers),spending more than twice/ as much as hamburghers than FC and Pizza(both about 40%)High income favoured pizza,spenting 0,followed by FC at 0,then hamburgher at 0.
High income appear to less than other /group/ on hamburghers,pizza remain their most popular fast-food, followed by FC.
In 1975,among 3 of the world’s largest cities, San Paulo had the highest population(about 0.5 billion),and……is the second highest(about….. )……had the lowest population (about….).
As a result in 1990,the number of…ars the largest population, closely followed by…,then…………The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in 3 countries between 1930-1960 in great Britain, the numbers in prison has increased from… 1930 to… 1940,apart from in 1950 when the numbers in prison fell by… the other hand , New Zealand and Australia are the only two countries in which the numbers in prison remain steady from 1930-1960,although there have been slightly fluctuations in this trend.
In the period 1975to 1990,all cities showed a growth, Tokyo and Newyork had by far the largest increase (about…..) Paulo had the smallest growth(about…)There were no figures given for male part-time workers.
In unemployed group, men enjoyed more leisure time---over 80%,compared with 40% for women(同一羣體的比較), markedly more than women in retired group(不同羣體的比較).表格/統計圖(Table chart)
注意點:1)同柱狀一樣對數據間的變化與特殊顯著數據的描寫要求很高2)選擇好順序流程圖(Flow Chart)
注意點:1)與物體、地圖的描述一樣,保持相同的作題原則2)一定要按照順序來説明
3)明確圖片上要求説明的內容是什麼,不要隨意編造
IELTS套句式寫作大全
第一部分:TASK1圖表寫作套句精選
table shows the changes in the number the period ...
該表格描述了在...年之...年間...數量的變化。 bar chart illustrates that...該柱狀圖展示了...
graph provides some interesting data regarding...該圖為我們提供了有關...有趣數據。 diagram shows (that)...該圖向我們展示了...
pie graph depicts (that)....該圓形圖揭示了...
is a cure graph which describes the trend of...這個曲線圖描述了...的趨勢。 figures/statistics show (that)...數據(字)表明...
tree diagram reveals how...該樹型圖向我們揭示瞭如何 data/statistics show (that)...該數據(字)可以這樣理解...
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...這些數據資料令我們得出結論
is
shown/demonstrated/exhibited
in
the
diagram/graph/chart/table...如圖所示...
rding to the chart/figures...根據這些表(數字) is shown in the table...如表格所示...
can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken
place in...
從圖中可以看出,...發生了巨大變化。
the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly it is
clear/apparent from the chart that...
從圖表我們可以很清楚(明顯)看到 is a graph which illustrates...這個圖表向我們展示了...
table shows the changing proportion of a & b ...
該表格描述了...年到...年間a與b的比例關係。 graph,presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in...
該圖以圓形圖形式描述了...總的趨勢。 is a column chart showing...這是個柱型圖,描述了...
can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of...
如圖所示,兩條曲線描述了...的波動情況。 the period ined level.在...至...期間,...基本不變。 the year ...在...年到...期間...
the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998...1995年至1998三年裏...
then on/from this time onwards...從那時起...
number ined steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).
...月(年)至...月(年)...的數量基本不變。
number sharply went up to...數字急劇上升至...
percentage ed the same ......至...期間...的比率維持不變。 figures peaked (month/year)...的數目在...月(年)達到頂點,為 percentage remained steady at...比率維持在...
percentage sightly larger/smaller than that of......的比例比...的比例略高(低)。e is not a great deal of difference ......與...的區別不大。
graphs show a threefold increase in the number of...該圖表表明...的數目增長了三倍。
eased year by year eased steadily....逐年減少,而...逐步上升。
situation reached a peak(a high point at) of[%]....的情況(局勢)到達頂(高)點,為...百分點。 figures/situation bottomed out in...數字(情況)在...達到底部。
figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.數字(情況)達到底部(低谷)。37.a is s as much/many as b.a是b的...倍。38.a increased by...a增長了...39.a increased to...a增長到...
percentage.比低高(低)
e is an upward trend in the number of......數字呈上升趨勢。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred ......到...發生急劇上升。
rate of decrease slow down.從...到...,下降速率減慢。
this year on,there was a gradual declinel reduction
figure of...
從這年起,...逐漸下降至 similar to...與...相似
the same as...與...相同
e are a lot similarities/differences ......與...之間有許多相似(不同)之處48.a has something in common with ba於b有共同之處。
difference between a and b lies in...a與b之間的差別在於...
50...(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in......年...急劇上升。
第二部分:Task1 寫作常識一、圖形種類及概述法:泛指一份數據
圖表:a data
graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table餅圖:pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖:bar chart / histogram趨勢曲線圖:line chart / curve diagram表格圖:table
流程圖或過程圖:flow chart / sequence diagram程序圖:processing/procedures diagram以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,figures/statistics shows (that) can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ...
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
in the...,reaching a......
閲卷考官經常是不會看那些圖表的,因此文章必須邏輯清晰,如果描述得能令人在腦海裏勾畫出那個data
chart,這篇task1無疑會達到8分的水平。開篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction(當然開門見山直接描述也是一種寫法);這樣做不僅使文章更趨於完美,而且可以達到湊字數的目的(但不要照抄題目,除非時間相當緊迫)。接下來另起一段開始進行描述(根據實際情況1-2段),這當中經常要連續使用非限定性定於從句,從而使得描述過程流暢、清晰。最後也可再另起一段進行簡短的綜述(並非必須)。上述的任何一個步驟都要遵循依據現有data進行客觀描述的原則,任何推測性或議論性的內容寫得再多、再精彩不僅不會加分,而且還會成為扣分的因素。
二、data的具體表達法
data在某一個時間段固定不變:fixed in time在一系列的時間段中轉變:changes over time持續變化的data在不同情況下:增加:increase / raise / rise / go up ...
減少:decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...波動:fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...穩定:remain stable / stabilize / level off ...最常用的兩種表達法:
動詞 + 副詞形式(Verb+Adverb form)
形容詞 + 名詞形式(Adjective+Noun form)1. Verb+Adverb formThe number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very)
sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意:上述很多詞不可用於修飾fluctuation)
+in the number of XXX from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
描述穩定的data:
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間)and (第二時間)
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and(第二時間)
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX
from from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
描述不同狀態的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp dropVerbal form:
(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a
plateau / (to) remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point高點極值:
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in (月份/年) <準確時間點用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(極點data)
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(極點data)低點極值:
XXX bottomed out / reached+rock / the bottom / a low point或者hit a trough
此外,在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences,最常用的固定搭配如下:
並列: as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither,
too, moreover,
furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ...
舉例: for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular,
particularly, especially
事實: as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...
雷同/近似:similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...
轉折: however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though,
while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other
hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...原因與結果
1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...
2. cause-effect (較常用)
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
(一個句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...
3. effect-cause (較常用)
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the
consequence of ...
(一個句子), because is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相關常用詞(組)
1. 主章開頭圖表類型:table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph描述:show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal;represent
內容:figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion2. 表示數據
一般:have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高(低)點:peaked; reached a peak / high pointbottomed out; reached the bottom
變化:recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climbdecrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate 浮動,搖擺不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change
變化程度:sudden/suddenly 突然的,意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的,飛快的,險峻的dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的,生動的
significant/significantly 有意義的,重大的,重要的sharp/sharply 鋭利的,明顯的,急劇的steep/steeply 急劇升降的
steady/steadily 穩固的,堅定不移的gradual/gradually 漸進的,逐漸的slow/slowly 緩慢的,不活躍的slight/slightly輕微的、略微地stable/stably 穩定的
表示範圍:from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時間直到
表示程度:almost adv. 幾乎,差不多nearly adv. 幾乎,密切地
approximately adv. 近似的,大約
about adv. 附近, 大約,轉向,左右,周圍just over 剛超過
over adv. 結束,越過,從頭到尾exactly adv. 正確地,嚴密地precisely adv. 正好 精確地;清晰地比例:20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化noticeable trend 明顯趨勢
during the same period 在同一時期grow/grew 增長distribute 分佈,區別unequally 不相等地pronounced 明顯的average 平均
no doubt 無疑地
corresponding adj. 相應的,通訊的represent vt. 闡述,表現overall 總體上講except 除外
in the case of adv. 在...的情況下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面in contrast 相反,大不相同in conclusion adv. 最後,總之in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地,倒轉地in general 通常,大體上,一般而言range from
excessive adj. 過多的,過分的,額外lower v.降低,跌落
elapse vi.(時間)過去,消逝category n.種類
6
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市場規率
measure n. 尺寸,方法,措施 v.估量,調節forecast n. 先見,預見 v. 預測
1.有用的詞
上升:increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down平穩:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to波動:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down佔:occupy take up account for gain
而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with最高點:the highest the top the summit the peak the most最低點:bottom less least rock bottom平均:mean average
趨勢:tendancy trend inclination預見:prediction達到頂峯: mount to
在***中佔***:***gain the percentage of有一個穩定的過程:a stable period can be seen2.分項目的總結
在做這個之前,把“模板”説一下(主要針對菜鳥,應付考試時找不到東西説)
第一段:The***(某種圖,比如bar chart ,pie chart或是
curve graph)show***(簡單寫寫情況,比如“婦女受教育程度”,“美國能源利用”,這些一般可以在圖下面的説明文字中找到),From the ***(某種土)we can have a understanding of ***(又是什麼情況)
注:第二句話是廢話,是為了湊字數,字數夠了的時候就可以不用了,當然寫的時候注意表達方式的一些小改動
第二段:説明段,From the***/***illustrate*** +一些內容,主要寫以下幾個方面:極點(極大,極小),趨勢,特別點(交點,轉折點,相同點和一些在特定圖上有意義的點)第三
段:From the chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of——湊字數用的!! 一些表達: A.柱形圖
increase rise go up / drop decrease declineB.餅圖
***is dividedsintos***parts ***consume the largest prtion ***accounting for***
***(百分比)of ***is*** ***play a very important role in ***C.線形圖
From this point Drop/increase dramaticly a modest /rapid increase1.以時間為比較基礎的應抓住“變化”:上升,下降,或是波動,題中對兩個或兩個以上的變量進行描述時應在此基礎上進行比較,如變量多於兩個應進行分類或有側重的比較, 2.不以時間為比較基礎的應注意對極點的描述
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