2013年大學聯考英語作文寫作指南：大學聯考英語記敍文寫作技巧

大學聯考備考：大學聯考英語記敍文寫作技巧

記敍文講述一件事或一系列事情或事件。從廣義上講，真實或虛構的故事、自傳、歷史、新聞都屬於記敍文。寫記敍文要注意以下五個方面：

1.背景

記敍文往往一開頭就向讀者提供背景資料，交代文中所敍述事件發生的地點、時間等。這樣讀者容易理解文章中的記敍的事件。

2.細節的選擇與詳略

作者應該選用與內容有關或能表現主要觀點的細節，而不應把鬍子眉毛一把抓，最後讓讀者如墮煙海，不知所云。敍事要根據中心的需要來確定詳略，對最能表達中心的要詳寫，其他的則略寫。作者把敍事的重點放在主要細節上，對其他細節則一筆帶過，這樣就疏密有致，濃淡相宜，文章和諧勻稱，主題突出。

3.組織結構

在記敍文中，事件通常是按其發生的先後次序來敍述的，這叫順敍。但是故事有時也可以從中間甚至結局寫起，從最重要、最能引人入勝的事件開始，然後回過頭來追述故事的開端和經過，這叫倒敍。

記敍文一般有開頭、中間和結尾。場景描寫可以放在開頭，中間部分講述故事本身。故事講明白了，敍述也就自然而然地結束了，無需增加一個多餘的結尾。但有時可能需要增加一兩句話，談談故事的重大意義或後來又發生了什麼事情。

4.敍事內容

敍事內容要清楚、完整，文章結構要體現“五何”原則。

敍述一件事情，就要在文中交代清楚五方面的內容即何時、何地、何人、何事以及發展如何，也就是英語中的when. where. who. what 以及how，使敍述做到有因有果，有起有落，給人以完整的印象。交代五大要素時，要力求靈活多樣，切忌呆板。例如交代時間時，可用時間狀語(When we arrived there?.) 也可用介詞短語(on arriving there)或用一些時間 (then)副詞等，只有靈活地交代要素，文章才能生動。

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敍事離不開寫人，因此敍事記敍文中一定要注意寫好人物，表現出人物的性格特徵。而語言又是思想的載體，因此，文中適當地用直接引語不僅起着刻畫人物性格的作用，而對事件的發展也有一定程度的推動作用。因此，在寫敍事記敍文時必須注意人物和對話的描寫。

5.敍述角度

故事可以用第一人稱敍述，也可以用第三人稱的敍述，二者各有利弊。第一人稱的敍述使讀者感到所描繪的一切都是作者親眼所見或親自經歷過的，因此讀起來更真實生動。但是，這種敍述難以反映在同一時間內不同地點發生的事情。第三人稱敍述就沒有這一侷限性，同時還可能更加客觀。不過，妥善地編排在不同地點、不同人物身上發生的事情也不是一件容易的事。

6.目的

講故事必定有其目的：或證明某一理論，或闡明某一概念，可讚美某種美德，或譴責某種罪惡等等。作者若要確保讀者準確無誤地領會敍述的意圖，則必須認真挑選細節，並精心設計故事情節。

記敍文是中學階段學習的重點。

請看下面的例子：

一場生動的討論

[題材]

一堂語文課上，同學們圍繞拿破崙的名言“不想當將軍的兵不是好兵”展開了討論。全班分成兩組，討論異常激烈。

[範文]

A Lively Discussion

It was a Chinese lesson. Our teacher, Mr. Wei, said to us, "To-day, we'll have a discussion. Napoleon once said: 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general isn't a good soldier.' Do you agree with him?" Every one of us was eager to express his thoughts. Gradually, the class was divided into two groups. One was for the saying and the other against it.

First, a girl said she was in favor of the idea. She gave several reasons for it. Then I stood up with my heart beating fast. I said, "The saying is wrong in a way. The highest aim a soldier should have is to work for the people and defend the country. To be a general should not be his aim." Then I took Lei Feng as an example, saying, "Lei Feng served the people heart and soul. He never wanted to become a general. But can you say he was not a good soldier?"

The group I was in won the discussion. I'll never forget this lively and instructive discussion.

[評析]

文章開篇點出辯論的論題，接着寫辯論過程，文中運用了直接引語，人物刻畫得形象、生動。

幫迷路的英國人

[題材]

一天晚飯後，你去看電影，路上遇到了迷路的英國人湯姆。你放棄了看電影而送他回旅館。你用英語介紹了當地近幾年發生的變化，湯姆也談了一些英國的情況。雖然沒看成電影，但你心裏很高興。因為你既幫助了湯姆，又練習了英語。要是你以前不認真學習英語，你就不能那麼容易地幫湯姆了。

[範文]

Helping an Englishman Find His Way

One day, after supper I was going to see a film when I met with a lost Englishman. His name was Tom.

So I sent him to the hotel where he stayed instead of going to see the film. I talked a lot with him in English all the way. I told him about the great changes having taken place in our hometown in the recent years, and Tom told me something. About England. I felt very happy though I missed the film, for I practised speaking English by helping Tom. If I had not worked hard at English before I wouldn't have helped him so easily.

[評析]

本文通過記述一件小事，向大家説明了學好英語的必要性。

守株待免

宋國有一個種田人，他的田中有株樹。一天，有一隻兔子奔跑時撞在樹上折斷頸脖而死。這個人(宋人)就放下他的農具守在樹下，希望再得到兔子。可是兔子再沒有得到，而他自己卻因為這件事被宋國人恥笑。(字數：80左右)

參考詞語

耕田to plough in the fields

樹樁tree stump

笑柄laugh stock

Stand by a Stump Waiting for More Suicidal Hares

A farmer of the State of Song was ploughing in he fields when a hare came dashing past and ran into a tree stump in its way. It broke its neck and fell down dead. Seeing this, the farmer put aside his plough and went up to stand by the stump, hoping to get some more hares this way.

Naturally, no more hares came and for this the farmer became a laughing stock all over the state.

美國朋友來參觀

時間：11月10日，星期一，天氣：晴

提示：

(1)上午8點，幾位美國演員到我校參觀，受到師生的熱烈歡迎。

(2)8點半，我們在報告廳舉行歡迎會，校長和一位美國演員在會上發言。

(3)演員給我們演了2個幽默小短劇，看後大家很開心。

(4)在會議室自由交談，我應邀參加，我們互相介紹兩國學生的學校生活。座談5點結束。我們送走了美國朋友。

(5)簡寫一天的感受。

Now. 10, Monday Fine

Today some American film actors and actresses came to visit our school. They arrived at eight and were given a warm welcome at the school gate by the teachers and students.

We had a welcoming meeting at half past eight in the lecture hall. Our headmaster and an American guest spoke at the meeting.

After that, the American actors and actresses performed two short plays, which were very humourous, and cheered everybody.

And then a free talk was held at the meetingroom. I was asked to attend the talk. They asked a lot of questions about our school life. They also told us how American students spend their spare time. The talk was over at five p. m. We saw American friends off.

We had a wonderful time. I'll never forget the day.