英語作文寫作技巧

一、審題立意

大學英語六級作文的題型一般是標題作文、主題句作文或情景、圖表作文等等，去年六級作文考試有書信和記敍文，但基本都屬於命題作文範疇。對於命題作文，審題立意是寫好作文至關重要的一步。所謂審題，就是要看清題意，確定文章的中心思想和主題，並圍繞中心思想組織材料。也就是通過分析作文題給出的標題、主題旬或情景，找出關鍵詞或中心詞，明確寫作要求，是寫哪方面的內容，既包括題材上的要求，也包括體裁上的要求。如果不審題就隨便下筆，想一句寫一句，內容離題，即使再好的再華麗的再精心構思的詞句表達也無濟於事。另一方面，六級寫作的目的是測試學生用英語書面表達思想的初步能力，並不是測試你母語創作能力，而且為了便於作文評卷有一儘量統一的標準，出題方式無論怎樣變化，六級作文都可以歸納為三段式，有的甚至給出三段的段首句。其目的就是讓學生們在統一主題下的寫作要點、思維和方式儘可能地同一化和統一化。鑑於此，我們應清楚六級寫作沒有太大的自由發揮空間。在構思段落之前一定要仔細斟酌標題、主題句和段首字，找出關鍵詞從而確定寫作的方向和範圍，而且還應記住要儘量縮小這個範圍，不能脱離要求任意展開，那樣屬於跑題。

二、段落構思

文章的段落，是文章的基本組成部分，一篇好的文章需要精心的段落構思和合理的段落安排，根據不同的題材確定不同的段落寫作順序。六級作文從結構上看，一般由三部分組成：引言部分(Introductory Part;展開部分(BodyPart);結尾部分(Ending Part)，而且每段往往只有一個主題，段中各支持句圍繞明確的主題，層層展開論證並服務於主題句。整篇文章也是層層推進，環環相扣，條理分明，完整統一。下面進一步説明每一部分的具體寫作技巧與要求：首先，引言部分Introductory Part

文章開頭很重要，關係到全篇文章，一定要認真考慮好如何寫好第一句。一般緊扣主題，開門見山，直接入題。如果已給出段首句，則要考慮如何跟開頭連接好。在實際寫作中，主要有以下幾種開頭方式。

定義法。即用一句話或幾句話來解放説明題中的關鍵詞，給出關鍵詞的定義。多用於給出一簡單題目的標題作文。直接切入主題。也就是直截了當地揭示文章的主題或寫作原由，如已給出每一段的中文提示，可直接翻譯提示中每一段的中心思想，作為開頭。

提問法。用疑問句或設問句開頭，緊接着提出自己對這個問題的看法或直接點明主題，這種方法如果使用得當，能夠激起讀者往下讀的興趣，以便找出答案。以故事背景開頭，交待時間、地點、人物及背景，然後在這個背景下引出正文。這種方法多用於記敍文，使讀者一開始就產生鮮明視覺形象。引用法。即引用名人名言或諺語等作為文章的開頭，指出閲讀的內容範圍。

其次，主題部分Body Part

篇章寫作不僅應層次清楚，而且主次也要分明I任何文章都有主體部分，即文章的精華部分。學生在這部分的寫作錯誤五花八門，或者段落內容缺乏統一性，或者句與句之間缺少連貫性，層次混亂，信息的表達經常是跳躍式的想到什麼寫什麼，內容空洞，言之無物，缺乏嚴密的邏輯性。針對這些錯誤，寫主體段應注意以下幾點要求。要緊扣開頭段提出的主題思想，突出中心。圍繞主題句用一組意思連貫而且完整的句子展開文章，切記各展開句是能起到説明、支持或闡述主題的句子並服務於主題，全文保持統一性，也就是我們通常所説的“切題”。主體段取材必須精練典型，系統而完整。根據內容需要和字數的規定，確定要點的詳與略後，選擇正確的、典型的、具有説服力的事實、例子、數據和論據等説明解釋並擴充主題。主體段要與開頭段和結尾段有內在的必然歸宿，要順其自然地過渡，使用好承上啟下的連接詞或句子，防止突然轉折。另外，主體段的句與句之間也要逐步展開，通順連貫，符合一定的邏輯關係。星火教育網

最後，結尾部分Ending Part

文章如何結尾關係到寫作的成敗。好的結尾不僅在形式上起到面龍點睛的效果，而且在內容上讀者明其宗旨，解其寓意。一般結尾段的寫法有以下幾種;總結式，即在上文所述事實和論據的基礎上，對全文進行歸納、總結得出結論，使讀者對文章的主題或作者的觀點有個更完整而清晰的理解。首尾呼應式，即對引言段所提出的同題給出解決方案，作到首尾呼應，主題突出，結構勻稱，使讀者對提出的問題有了明確的答案。提問式，這種結尾形式可以引起讀者的思考。並起到強調主題的作用。展望式，也就是要提出作者的希望、號召或表示信心和決-C-，使讀者受鼓舞。引語式，引用名人名言，諺語俗語做文章的結尾，使文章更具説服力。

Chapter One 文章開頭句型

1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然後提出自己的看法或者偏向於某一看法,適用於有爭議性的主題.

[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然後評論 .

[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)

[3]ation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

----- To be continued !!

1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.

[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...

[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!

[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by remark has been shared by more and more people .

"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.

[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".

1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.

[1]. For years, been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this ter 2 文章中間主體內容句型

原因結果分析

3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物時, 用此句型説明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...

[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...

[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....

3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之後, 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用!

[1]. Another important factor is ....

[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.

[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....

3-1-3 後果影響 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的後果或者帶來的影響 .

[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....

[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........

比較對照句型

3-2-1. 兩者比較 ---> 比較兩事物, 要説出其一超過另一個, 或肯定一事物的優點, 也肯定其缺點的時候用 !

[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.

[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.

[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 . 兩者相同/相似 ------> 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點時用!

[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....

[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.

Chapter Three 文章結尾形式

2-1 結論性--------- 通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 .

[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......

2-2 後果性------ 揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重後果.[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.

2-3 號召性 -------- 呼籲讀者行動起來, 採取行動或提請注意.

[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建議性 -------- 對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的

方法.

[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.

2-5 方向性的結尾方式 ---- 其與建議性的唯一差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .

[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........

2--6 意義性的結尾方式 --------> 文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義!

[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....

[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..

結尾萬能公式1． 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論

Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2． 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the rdingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

來源:考試大-英語六級考試