怎樣寫好句子(1)

怎樣寫好句子

寫作的一個重要標準就是要考查學生"是否會用英語清楚而貼切地表達思想"。而句子是表達一個完整獨立思想的最小的語言單位。因此,合理的句子結構對錶達思想至關重要,其好壞與否直接關係到一篇文章的成敗。

寫好句子的基本要素:

1.簡潔性(Conciseness)

舉世聞名的英國劇作家。詩人莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)有句名言:"言以簡潔為貴"(Brevity is the soul of wit.)。所謂簡潔,就是語言凝練概括,高度濃縮,簡明扼要。用較少的語言表達儘可能豐富的內容,無宂長之弊,無拖沓之嫌,做到文約而事豐,言簡而意賅,它充分體現了英語語言自身發展的要求。古今中外,作家們大都惜墨如金。中國著名作家魯迅曾説過:"竭力將可有可無的字。句。段刪去,毫不可惜"。美國作家海明威(Ernest Hemingway)的語言風格在西方文學中更是獨樹一幟。他的文筆含蓄簡練,清新流暢,以善用小詞。短句著稱,人稱"電報式"風格。

他曾經告誡自己兒子説:"Never use more words than you have to—it detracts from the flow of actions."然而,有些學生在寫作中卻忽略了這一點。把本來可以很簡潔的句子變成了宂長的詞語堆砌,結果往往是佶屈聱牙,宂長費解。要寫出語言優美。短小精悍的文章,就必須作到句子精短,用詞簡潔,使每個詞在句中起到應有的作用。具體來説,在不影響準確。清晰表達的前提下,句子能簡化的部分儘量簡化,能省略的儘量省略,用精煉的語言表達豐富的思想,使人們要表達的深層語義明白流暢,一目瞭然,達到簡明扼要。清澈晶瑩的效果。

1)儘可能把從句變成單句或短語 ,把短語變成單詞If you compare the two methods carefully,you will find the difference.

這個句子本來用一個簡單句就足以表達清楚,卻用了一個含條件狀語從句的複合句,反而顯得宂長累贅。下面這句就精煉多了:

Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.

When I pushed the door open, I saw a group of young people.

此句可用現在分詞短語代替時間狀語從句,使文字更簡短緊湊。乾淨利落:Pushing the door open,I saw a group of young people.

During the past forty years,the population of China has been rising at a rapid rate.

句中介詞短語at a rapid rate根據其在句中的語法功能,完全可由單個副詞rapidly取代,使句子文字簡練。

2)避免不必要的重複,包括語義重複和用詞重複。

She is attractive in appearance ,but she is rather a foolish person.

前半句屬於語義重複。用了attractive(迷人的;有吸引力的),無須再用in appearance ;後半句屬於用詞重複,全句宜改為:

She is attractive, but rather foolish.

改寫後行文依然能表達完整意義,給人"含英咀華"之感。

The workers and technicians in this factory have made a lot of new vations(something newly introduced)已含有new 之義。漢語口語中有"新發明"這一説法。母語的負遷移(negative transfer)影響容易使人對等翻譯英文,給人以疊牀架屋之感。

I will go to the movies together with my brother.

"與某人一起"用"with sb."就可以,而"together with (as well as; in addition to)則意為"和。加之或連同"。例如:These new facts, together with the evidence you have already heard, prove the

prisoner's innocence.(這些新的事實,連同你已聽到的證據,證明此在押被告是無辜的。)The final result of the match is 2:1 to our team.

句中final result搬用了漢語的説法,而沒有注意到result 本身意為"結果","結局",用了final無異於畫蛇添足。

以上經過化簡的句子,既保持了信息量大的優點,又避免了臃腫,達到以少勝多的效果。要避免句子的類似問題,一方面要了解英漢兩種語言在語法,句型,詞義等方面的異同,另一方面要用英語的思維和表達方式取代漢語,排除母語的負遷移干擾。

3)改寫不必要的宂長句子結構和被動語態,對原句的結構做一些必要的調整。It is necessary for students to fill out both registration forms.

Students must fill out both registration forms.

British was defeated by the United States in the war of 1812.

British lost the war of 1812 to the United States.

My short stay in the country gave me the greatest happiness that I have had

period of my life.

My short stay in the country gave me the greatest happiness in my life.

over the entire